Carbon steel is an iron-carbon alloy with a carbon content of 0.0218% to 2.11%. Also called carbon steel. It usually contains a small amount of silicon, manganese, sulfur and phosphorus. In general carbon steel, the higher the carbon content, the greater the hardness and the higher the strength, but the lower the plasticity.
Classification
(1) Carbon steel can be divided into three categories according to purpose: carbon structural steel, carbon tool steel and free-cutting structural steel. Carbon structural steel is divided into two types: engineering steel and machine-made structural steel.
(2) According to smelting methods, it can be divided into open hearth steel and converter steel.
(3) Deoxidation methods can be divided into boiling steel (F), killed steel (Z), semi-static steel (b) and special killed steel (TZ).
(4) Carbon steel can be classified into low carbon steel (WC ≤ 0.25%), medium carbon steel (WC 0.25%-0.6%) and high carbon steel (WC> 0.6%) in terms of carbon content.
(5) According to the quality of steel, carbon steel can be divided into ordinary carbon steel (higher phosphorus and sulfur content), high-quality carbon steel (lower phosphorus and sulfur content), and high-grade steel (lower phosphorus and sulfur content). ) and premium grade steel.
Species
Carbon structural steel
Grade: Case Q235-A·F, which means σs=235MPa.
Grade annotation: Q is the yield strength A grade (ABCD level 4), F Boiling Steel.
Features: Low cost, excellent process properties (such as weldability and cold formability).
Applications: General engineering structures and general mechanical parts. Such as Q235 can be made of bolts, nuts, pins, hooks and less important mechanical parts and rebar, steel, steel reinforcement and so on.
High quality carbon structural steel
Grades: Examples 45, 65Mn, 08F.
Grade annotation: Directly represents the millionth of the carbon content of the metal.
Application: Non-alloyed steels for the manufacture of important mechanical parts are generally used after heat treatment.
Common steel number and use
08F, low carbon mass fraction, good plasticity, low strength, used for stamping parts such as automotive and instrument housings.
20, good plasticity and weldability, used for parts with low strength requirements and carburizing parts, such as hoods, welding containers, small shafts, nuts, washers and carburizing gears.
45,40Mn, after the quenched and tempered, has good mechanical properties and is used for mechanically stressed machines.Parts, such as gears, connecting rods, machine tool spindles, etc.
Gears like this can use this steel ↓
60, 65Mn steel has a high strength; used to manufacture a variety of springs, wheel edges, low speed wheels.
Carbon tool steel
Grades: For example, T12 steel means WC=1.2% carbon tool steel.
Grade annotation: Thousands of carbon content of T plus metal.
Features: It belongs to eutectoid steel and hypereutectoid steel. It has high strength and hardness and good wear resistance. It is suitable for manufacturing various low-speed cutting tools.
Common steel number and use:
T7, T8: Produce parts that require toughness to withstand a certain impact. Such as sledgehammer, punch, chisel, carpentry tools, scissors.
T9, T10, T11: Produce tools with low impact and high hardness and wear resistance. Such as taps, small drills, dies, hand saw blades.
T12, T13: Make impact-free tools. Such as sickles, scrapers, razors, measuring tools.
Cast steel
Grade: For example, ZG200-400 indicates cast steel with σs = 200 MPa and σb = 400 MPa.
Performance: Casting performance is poorer than cast iron, but mechanical properties are better than cast iron.
Application: It is mainly used for the manufacture of complex shapes, high mechanical performance requirements, and it is difficult to use the forging and other methods of forming the more important mechanical parts in the process, such as the car's gearbox shell, the coupler and coupling of locomotives and vehicles.
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