The spline shaft is a kind of mechanical transmission. The flat keys, semi-circular keys and oblique keys have the same functions, and they all transmit mechanical torque. Rotate synchronously with the axis. While rotating, some can also slide longitudinally on the shaft, such as gearbox shifting gears, etc.
1.Function: It is a kind of mechanical transmission. The flat keys, semicircular keys and oblique keys have the same functions, all of which transmit mechanical torque.
2. Structure: There is a longitudinal keyway on the surface of the shaft, and the rotating part sleeved on the shaft also has a corresponding keyway, which can keep synchronous rotation with the shaft. While rotating, some can also slide longitudinally on the shaft, such as gearbox shifting gears.
3. Application examples: in brakes and steering mechanisms. There is also a retractable shaft, which is composed of inner and outer tubes, the outer tube has inner teeth, and the inner tube has outer teeth, which are sleeved together. When in use, it can be extended and contracted in the length direction while transmitting rotational torque.
4. Material: 40Cr.
5. Heat treatment. Quenching surface hardness HRC45--50.
The spline shaft is divided into two types: rectangular spline shaft and involute spline shaft. The rectangular spline shaft in the spline shaft is widely used, while the involute spline shaft is used for large loads and requires high centering accuracy. and larger connections. Rectangular spline shafts are usually used in aircraft, automobiles, tractors, machine tool manufacturing, agricultural machinery and general mechanical transmission devices.
Due to the multi-tooth operation of the rectangular spline shaft, it has high bearing capacity, good neutrality and good guidance, and its shallow tooth root can make its stress concentration small. In addition, the strength of the shaft and the hub of the spline shaft is less weakened, the processing is more convenient, and higher precision can be obtained by grinding. Involute spline shafts are used for connections with high loads, high centering accuracy, and large dimensions. Its characteristics: the tooth profile is involute, and there is radial force on the tooth when it is loaded, which can play the role of automatic centering, so that the force on each tooth is uniform, high strength and long life, the processing technology is the same as that of the gear, and it is easy to obtain high precision and interchangeability
Rectangular Spline Shaft
Rectangular spline shafts are widely used, such as aircraft, automobiles, tractors, machine tool manufacturing, agricultural machinery and general mechanical transmissions.
Its features:
Multi-tooth work, high bearing capacity, good neutrality, good guidance, shallow tooth root, small stress concentration, small weakening of shaft and hub strength, convenient processing, and high precision can be obtained by grinding. There are two series (light series and medium series) in the standard.
Involute spline shaft
Spline processing methods: There are many processing methods for spline shafts. It mainly adopts cutting processing methods such as hobbing, milling and grinding, and can also adopt plastic deformation processing methods such as cold punching and cold rolling.
1.Hobbing method: The spline hob is used for processing on the spline shaft milling machine or gear hobbing machine according to the generating method. This method has high productivity and precision and is suitable for mass production.
2. Milling method: use a special forming milling cutter to directly mill out the inter-tooth profile on the universal milling machine, and use the indexing head to sub-tooth for tooth-by-tooth milling; if no forming milling cutter is used, two disc milling cutters can be used to mill a tooth at the same time. On both sides, after milling tooth by tooth, use a disc milling cutter to slightly trim the bottom diameter. The milling method has low productivity and precision, and is mainly used for processing spline shafts with outer diameter centering and rough machining before hardening in single-piece small batch production.
3. Grinding method: use the forming grinding wheel to grind the spline tooth side and bottom diameter on the spline shaft grinding machine, which is suitable for machining hardened spline shafts or splines with higher precision requirements, especially those with inner diameter centering axis.
4. Cold punching method: It is carried out on a special machine tool. The two heads symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the workpiece circumference rotate at a high speed with a constant speed ratio along with the indexing rotary motion and axial feed of the workpiece. Each time the workpiece rotates 1 tooth, the forming wheel on the head aligns the tooth groove of the workpiece. Hammering once, under the continuous hammering of the high-speed and high-energy motion of the beating wheel, the surface of the workpiece is plastically deformed to form a spline. The accuracy of cold punching is between milling and grinding, and the efficiency is about 5 times higher than that of milling. Cold punching can also improve material utilization.
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