Different kinds of mining crusher
The crusher for mining is also called the crusher. It refers to the crushing machine with the particle size of more than three millimeters in the discharge, which accounts for more than 50% of the total discharge. Invented by the British Hengan. The crushing operation is usually divided into coarse crushing, medium crushing and fine crushing according to the size of the feeding and discharging granularity. Common sand and gravel equipment include jaw crusher, impact crusher, impact crusher, composite crusher, single-stage hammer crusher, vertical crusher, gyratory crusher, cone crusher, roller crusher. Machine, double roll crusher, two-in-one crusher, one-time crusher, etc.
1.Adjustable
The adjustable fine crusher is mainly composed of a swivel part, a guard part and a box part. The wheel core of the turning part has a plurality of hammer frames which are arranged in a non-overlapping manner. The hammer head is fixed on the hammer frame. The width of the hammer head is larger than the hammer frame and the contour. The wheel core is welded by a plurality of contours and fixed on the main shaft. Both ends of the spindle are supported on the frame by a hydraulic bearing housing. The components of the shield are fixed in a plurality of blocks on the box to protect the box from abrasion and form different forms of counter-crushing cavities. The latest adjustable fine crusher is equipped with a hydraulic device, which is very convenient for maintenance inside the fuselage, saving users a lot of time and cost.
2.Jaw crusher
The jaw crusher is the first choice for primary crushing. It has the characteristics of large crushing ratio, uniform product size, simple structure, reliable work, easy maintenance and economical operation. Therefore, it is widely used in mining, smelting, building materials, highways, Many sectors such as the railway, water conservancy and chemical industries.
The jaw crusher is a crushing machine that uses two jaws to squeeze and bend materials, and to crush coarse or medium crushed materials. The crushing mechanism is composed of a fixed jaw and a movable jaw. When the two jaws are close to each other, the material is broken, and when the two jaws are separated, the block smaller than the discharge opening is discharged from the bottom. Its crushing action is intermittent. This crusher is widely used in industrial sectors such as mineral processing, building materials, silicates and ceramics due to its simple structure, reliable operation and ability to crush hard materials. Compared with cone crushers, the jaw crusher has less investment. The finished product has less stone and the production cost is low. Compared with the hammer crusher, the wear parts are used for a long time, the production efficiency is high, and the investment in the later stage is small.
By the 1980s, the size of the large jaw crusher that crushed 800 tons of material per hour had reached 1800 mm. Commonly used jaw crushers are available in double brackets and single brackets. The former is only a simple circular arc swing during work, so it is also called a simple swing jaw crusher; the latter also makes up and down movement while making an arc swing, so it is also called a complex swing jaw crusher. The jaw crusher is widely used for crushing various materials with a compressive strength not exceeding 320 MPa.
The working principle of jaw crusher: In the process of breaking huge stones into small stones, the first crusher is usually called the “main” crusher. The longest and most sturdy crusher is the jaw crusher. When feeding the jaw crusher, the material is poured from the top inlet into the crushing chamber containing the teeth. E-tooth pushes the material to the chamber wall with great force, breaking it into smaller stones. Supporting the movement of the teeth is an eccentric shaft that runs through the fuselage frame. Eccentric motion is usually produced by a flywheel that is fixed at both ends of the shaft. Flywheels and eccentrically supported bearings often use spherical roller bearings, and the working environment of the bearings is extremely demanding. Bearings must withstand large shock loads, abrasive sewage and high temperatures. Despite the extremely harsh working environment, the jaw crusher still needs to work very reliably, which is a key part of ensuring production efficiency.
3. Rotating type
The rotary crusher is a large-scale crushing machine that uses crushing motion of the crushing cone in the cone cavity of the casing to cause extrusion, splitting and bending of the material, and coarse crushing of ore or rock of various hardnesses. The upper end of the main shaft equipped with the crushing cone is supported in the bushing in the middle of the beam, and the lower end is placed in the eccentric hole of the bushing. When the sleeve rotates, the crushing cone rotates around the center line of the machine, and its crushing action is continuous, so the working efficiency is higher than that of the jaw crusher. By the early 1970s, large gyratory crushers were able to process 5,000 tons of material per hour, with a maximum feed diameter of up to 2000 mm.
The rotary crusher realizes the adjustment of the discharge opening and the overload insurance in two ways: First, the mechanical method is adopted, and the upper end of the main shaft has an adjusting nut, and the rotating adjusting nut can be lowered or raised to make the discharge opening change accordingly. Large or small, when overloaded, the insurance pin on the drive pulley is cut to achieve insurance; the second is a hydraulic hydraulic gyratory crusher whose main shaft is located on the plunger in the hydraulic cylinder, changing the plunger The volume of the hydraulic fluid changes the up and down position of the crushing cone, thereby changing the size of the discharge opening. When overloaded, the downward pressure of the main shaft increases, forcing the hydraulic oil under the plunger to enter the accumulator in the hydraulic transmission system, causing the crushing cone to descend to increase the discharge opening and discharge the non-material entering the crushing chamber. Broken matter (iron, wood, etc.) to achieve insurance.
4. Conical
Cone crusher, widely used in metal and non-metal mines, cement plants, sand and stone metallurgy and other industries. Applicable to various ores and rocks with fineness and crushing hardness of ≤5~16, such as iron ore, non-ferrous metal ore, granite, limestone, quartzite, sandstone, pebbles, etc.
The cone crusher works in the same way as a gyratory crusher, but is only suitable for crushing machines with medium or fine crushing operations. The uniformity of the discharge particle size of the medium and fine crushing operations is generally higher than that required for the coarse crushing operation. Therefore, a parallel section must be provided at the lower part of the crushing chamber, and at the same time, the rotation speed of the crushing cone must be accelerated so that the material is in the parallel zone. Subject to more than one squeeze.
The crushing of the medium-fine crushing operation is larger than that of the coarse crushing operation, so the loose volume after the crushing has a large increase. In order to prevent the crushing chamber from causing clogging, the total discharge cross section must be increased by increasing the diameter of the lower portion of the crushing cone without increasing the discharge opening to ensure the required discharge size.
The discharge port of the cone crusher is small, and the non-crushed material mixed into the feedstock is more likely to cause accidents. Because the medium and fine crushing operations have strict requirements on the discharge size, the discharge opening must be adjusted in time after the liner is worn, so the cone is broken. The fuse and adjustment device of the machine is more necessary than the rough operation.
When the Simon-type spring safety cone crusher is overloaded, the tapered housing forces the spring to compress and raise itself to increase the discharge opening and discharge the non-crushed material. The adjustment of the discharge opening is performed by adjusting the sleeve, and the adjustment sleeve of the housing is rotated to drive the housing to rise or fall by the thread on the outer circumference to change the size of the discharge opening. The hydraulic cone crusher is secured and adjusted in the same way as a hydraulic gyratory crusher.
Cone crusher routine maintenance
There must be a de-ironing device to prevent the crushing chamber from passing through the iron. If the iron is frequently over-exposed, it may cause a shaft breakage accident.
To be fully loaded, otherwise the product size will be too thick.
The crushing ratio in the production line should be reasonable to maximize the efficiency of the crusher.
The spring pressure should not be too tight. If the pressure is too high, the shaft breakage will occur. If the pressure is too small, the spring will jump frequently, affecting the normal operation of the crusher, and the product size will become thicker.
5. Roller
Roller crusher, suitable for crushing medium-hard materials in industrial sectors such as cement, chemical, electric power, metallurgy, building materials, refractory materials, etc., such as limestone, slag, coke, coal and other materials in the crushing, fine crushing operation on the roller crusher Can be used for coarse, medium, fine and coarse grinding. : Tooth crusher, 2PGL-950×1200 gear crusher is mainly used for crushing materials such as limestone, siltstone and coal with compressive strength ≤150MPa. It has the advantages of large feed size, low machine height, light weight and large processing capacity.
The roller crusher is also called the roller crusher, the double roller crusher, and the roller crusher. It is a machine that uses the frictional force of the roller surface to bite the material into the crushing zone and to withstand crushing or splitting. . Roller crushers are usually divided into single-roller, double-roller and multi-roller crushers according to the number of rollers. They are mainly used for coarse and medium-sized crushing of brittle block materials in mining, metallurgy, chemical, coal and other industries. The discharge granularity is adjustable, and the material with crushing strength ≤160MPa can be crushed. Especially in the coal industry, the use of this machine to crush raw coal, as long as the iron removal, impurity removal, no need to remove the sputum, can be directly broken, the broken material, uniform particle size, low crush rate, which simplifies the coal preparation process and reduces Investment and production costs.
6. Hammer
The hammer crusher has the characteristics of large crushing ratio, high production capacity and uniform product size. The crusher is the main equipment for crushing limestone, coal or other brittle materials with medium hardness below the metallurgical, building materials, chemical and hydropower industries. One.
The hammer crusher is a crushing machine that uses the high-speed impact of the hammer to perform medium and fine crushing operations on the material. The hammer head is hinged on the high-speed rotating rotor, and the lower part of the machine body is provided with a purlin to control the discharge granularity. The material fed into the crusher is firstly crushed by the impact of the high-speed moving hammer, and at the same time, the kinetic energy is obtained, and the crushing plate on the inner wall of the casing is quickly pulverized and crushed again. The material smaller than the slit is discharged outside the machine, and the block larger than the slit is again impacted and ground by the hammer at the stringer until it is smaller than the slit.
7. Counterattack
The impact crusher has the advantages of simple structure, large crushing ratio, low energy consumption, high output, light weight, and the finished product has a square shape after being crushed. It is widely used in various ore crushing, railway, highway, energy, cement, chemical industry. , construction and other industries.
The impact crusher is a machine that utilizes the high-speed impact of the plate hammer and the rebound action of the counter-attack plate to cause the material to be crushed by repeated impacts. The hammer is fixed on the high-speed rotating rotor, and several counter-attack plates are arranged at different angles along the crushing chamber.
When the material enters the action zone of the plate hammer, it is firstly crushed by the first impact of the hammer, and at the same time, the kinetic energy is obtained, and the counterattack plate is rushed at a high speed. After the material collides with the counterattack plate and is broken again, it is bounced back to the action area of the hammer and is again impacted by the hammer. This is repeated until it is broken into the desired particle size and discharged out of the machine. Compared with the hammer crusher, the impact crusher has a larger crushing ratio and can more fully utilize the high-speed impact energy of the entire rotor. However, due to the extremely easy wear of the hammer, it is also limited in the application of hard material crushing, usually used for coarse, medium or fine crushed limestone, coal, calcium carbide, quartz, dolomite, iron sulfide ore, gypsum and chemical raw materials. Brittle materials below medium hardness.
8. Ring hammer
The main purpose of the ring hammer crusher:
This series of ring hammer crushers is suitable for crushing all kinds of brittle materials, such as coal, coal dry stone, coke, slag, shale, loose limestone and so on. The compressive strength of the material does not exceed 10 MPa, and the surface moisture is not more than 8%.
The wind-selected hammer crusher is used in industrial sectors such as building materials, brick, coal, metallurgy, mining, electric power, light industry, etc., for crushing coal, shale, coal slag, carbon, lime, cement clinker, earthworm and medium Hard and brittle material.
9. Impact type
Impact crusher, commonly known as sand making machine, is a high-energy low with international advanced level developed by using the principle and technology of the famous "stone-rock" crusher of American Barmac Company, combined with the actual situation of sand production at home and abroad. Consumption equipment, its performance plays an irreplaceable role in a variety of ore fine broken equipment, is the most effective, practical and reliable gravel machine. The crusher is an ideal production equipment for construction sand, road sand, cushion material, asphalt concrete and cement concrete aggregate, so it is widely used.
Impact crusher is suitable for the crushing and shaping of soft or medium hard and extremely hard materials. It is widely used in various ores, cement, refractory materials, aluminum clay clinker, corundum, glass raw materials, mechanism construction sand, stone materials and various Metallurgical slag, especially for high hardness, special hard and abrasion resistant materials such as silicon carbide, silicon carbide, sintered bauxite, and beautiful sand, has higher efficiency than other types of crushers.
The sand and gravel equipment described above is an essential equipment in the sand production line and the stone crushing production line.
The jaw crusher is used for cement, coal preparation, power generation and building materials, and is suitable for crushing medium hardness and brittle materials such as limestone and coal. The maximum compressive strength does not exceed 1500kg/cm2.
Impact and extrusion
1. The crushing ratio is large. The crusher of the impact crusher can reach more than 50, and the crusher is difficult to exceed 20. More suitable for single-stage crushing occasions.
2. Product granules are good. The perforated percentage of the impact crusher product can be less than 10%, while the squeeze crusher has a needle-like percentage content of more than 15%. Therefore, in the case where cubic particles are required, an impact crusher is usually used as a final breaking device to produce concrete aggregate.
Since the impact crusher crushes the material by the impact principle, it wears very quickly in use. This defect limits the scope of application of the impact crusher for a considerable period of time. Can only be used for the crushing of medium and hard materials.
Impact crusher technical features
High crushing efficiency, with fine crushing and coarse grinding function;
The utility model has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, and low operation cost;
The ability to pass non-crushed materials is strong, and the moisture content of the material is small, and the moisture content can reach 8%;
The product has excellent grain shape, is cubic, and has a very low needle-like content. It is suitable for aggregate shaping, artificial sand making and high-grade highway aggregate production;
The product has a high bulk density and minimal iron contamination.
10. Mobile
The mobile crusher, also known as the mobile crushing plant, is self-driven, so that the components are fixed on a whole frame, and the tires or tracks are attached below to form a movable sand production line, and the flowability of the material is carried out. The crushing operation is widely used in railway, highway, construction, water conservancy, metallurgy and other industries, especially for the operation of mobile materials such as expressway, railway and construction waste. It is a new type of environmental protection with stable output and higher efficiency. Crusher.
Analysis of characteristics of mobile crusher
Integrated unit sets reduce material and working hours.
It can be crushed on site to reduce material transportation costs.
Flexible mobility provides more flexible space and reasonable layout for the overall crushing process.
The adaptability is flexible and can be operated independently by a single unit, or it can be flexibly composed of system configuration units.
The operation is directly effective and the cost is maximized.
Mobile crusher performance is reliable and easy to maintain.
11. Circuit board dedicated
The special shredder for circuit board, also known as circuit board crusher, is an advanced fine crushing equipment. This series of products is carefully developed based on the advantages of impact, shear, mutual impact and grinding on the basis of absorbing the advantages of various crushers. from. When the equipment is in operation, the material can be fully and effectively finely crushed in the crushing chamber, and the output is high, the energy consumption is low, the efficiency is high, and the discharging is fine and uniform. Moreover, when the device is used, the noise is low, pollution-free, and the operation is simple and the maintenance is convenient. The equipment is automated feeding, which has the advantages of purifying the environment, saving manpower and material resources, and maximizing the high-yield demand of customers.
12, single-stage hammer
The single-stage hammer crusher is suitable for crushing general brittle ores such as limestone, argillaceous siltstone, shale, gypsum and coal. It is also suitable for crushing limestone and clayy materials and is widely used in the cement industry.
Advantages of the product: The crushing ratio is large, and the bulk raw ore can be crushed once to meet the grinding grain size; compared with the traditional two-stage crushing system, the one-time investment and ore crushing cost can be greatly reduced; the operation is simple, the maintenance is convenient, and the operation is lightened. The labor intensity of the workers; the particle size of the crusher can be designed according to the requirements of the user; the work hammer is cast by a new process, wear-resistant and impact-resistant; the rafter plate is optimized, the discharge is smooth, the product size is uniform, stable, and the life is long. Long; the body structure is sealed, which solves the dust pollution of the crushing workshop and the problem of body leakage.
13, composite
The compound crusher is a new type of high-efficiency fine crushing equipment that breaks the hammer and breaks it into one. It has large production capacity, high crushing efficiency, large crushing ratio, small abrasion amount, low energy consumption, good sealing performance and stable operation. Outstanding advantages such as easy maintenance. When the building materials enterprise uses the equipment to crush materials such as limestone, coal, coal gangue and cement clinker, it can significantly reduce the grain size of the grinding and increase the output of the mill. It is an ideal energy-saving crushing equipment.
14, single paragraph
The single-stage crusher has the advantages of large crushing ratio, fine material size, simplified process and low operating cost. It is widely used in cement, ceramics, glass, artificial sand, coal, non-metallic mines and new green building materials. .
15, composite cone
Composite cone crusher, PYF series cone crusher is widely used in metallurgical industry, building materials industry, road construction industry, chemical industry and silicic acid industry. It is suitable for crushing various ores and rocks with medium and medium hardness. It has the characteristics of large crushing force, high efficiency, high processing capacity, low operating cost, convenient adjustment and economical use.
16, finely broken
The fine crusher and PCF crusher combine the advantages of the existing hammer, counterattack and impact type crushers. The hammer, counterattack and stone are completed in one time, and the yield is below 5mm. Above, and the discharge granularity can be adjusted, the service life is increased by more than 10 times, the secondary crushing yield is improved, the number of repairs and time is reduced, and the energy consumption per ton of finished product is greatly reduced. The energy-efficient fine crusher is typically used to adapt to the current labor. The mechanism sand industry is a substitute for rod grinding, sand making machines, impact sand making machines, and straight-through sand making machines.
17, PCF ring hammer
PCH hammer crusher is used to crush a variety of medium hard and abrasive materials, the compressive strength of the material does not exceed 100MPa. The water content is less than 15%. The material to be crushed may be coal, salt, chalk, gypsum, limestone, and the like. It can also be used to crush fiber structure, elastic structure and more waste wood, paper or broken asbestos waste to recover asbestos fiber. It is characterized by energy saving, good discharge granularity, low noise, adjustable sieve opening and sieve plate. It has a long service life for manganese 13 cast steel sieve plates.
