You must understand the internal stress variables that produce precision machining defects
The so-called internal stress is the stress that remains inside the object when there is no external force on the structure of the object, which is generated by the uneven volume change of the internal organization of the material. From this, we know that the precision machining process not only has process factors that will lead to errors, but also the internal stress of the workpiece itself will lead to errors in machining accuracy. Then we will talk about what errors will occur.
1. After the workpiece is processed by hot and cold, it will usually generate a certain internal stress and be in a state of equilibrium. However, if the workpiece in the equilibrium state is processed at this time, the equilibrium state will be destroyed, and the internal stress will change, which will cause the workpiece to change in shape and position.
2. After the workpiece is cut, forged and other processes, the internal internal stress will be redistributed and the distribution is quite complicated, which will have a certain impact on the machining accuracy of the workpiece or the accuracy of the workpiece after assembly. For example, in the process of precision machining of the blank, the thickness of each part is not uniform, and the uneven cooling process will generate internal stress; another example is some shaft parts, in order to prevent bending deformation in processing and transportation engineering, most The method of cold straightening was adopted, but it was later found that it would generate internal stress on the workpiece, which would cause deformation in the subsequent process and affect the accuracy of processing. Now cold straightening is no longer used.
3. Cutting stress. Generally, during the cutting process of metal, the flank surface of the cutting edge and the machined surface of the workpiece generate a lot of friction, so that the surface metal is stretched and deformed. .
The above are the internal stress factors that affect the error of the workpiece during precision machining. We need to learn from it and summarize and improve it, so as to avoid the corresponding problems in our own industry processing and improve production efficiency.
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