Horizontal machining center - Industry knowledge Industry & Trade Co., Ltd.

Horizontal machining center

The horizontal machining center refers to the machining center where the spindle axis and the worktable are arranged in parallel, and is mainly suitable for processing box-type parts. Its working principle is that after the workpiece is clamped once in the machining center, the computer can automatically select different tools, automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, and sequentially complete the multi-process processing on multiple faces of the workpiece. His advantage is that it can greatly improve production efficiency, but it has a large footprint and high cost.

Introduction

The horizontal machining center is one of the most commonly used CNC machine tools, and its high technical content is one of the iconic products of the development level of the CNC machine tool industry. The horizontal machining center mainly controls the basic movement of the machine tool through the numerical control system and the servo drive device. The main feature of the structure is the horizontal setting of the spindle. It is usually composed of 3-5 moving parts (headstock, table, column or spindle sleeve, etc.). An automatic exchange table is arranged on the horizontal machining center to form a flexible manufacturing unit (FMC), which realizes automatic exchange of workpieces, that is, another workpiece can be loaded and unloaded while being processed. After the workpiece is clamped once, the multi-process automatic machining is completed, the tool is automatically selected and replaced, the spindle speed and feed speed of the machine tool are automatically changed, the movement track of the tool and the workpiece is automatically realized, and other auxiliary functions are automatically realized.

The horizontal machining center is suitable for mass production of products with complex shapes and high precision requirements, especially for the processing of boxes and complex structural parts. It is used in the automotive, aerospace, marine and power generation industries for sophisticated and efficient machining of complex parts. The level of domestic horizontal machining centers has been greatly improved, and it can reach the high-speed and precision machining of general parts, which can basically meet the needs of users, but compared with the international advanced level, in terms of accuracy, efficiency, intelligence and reliability. There are still gaps, so the import volume of high-end horizontal machining centers is large.

working principle

After the workpiece is clamped once on the machining center, the digital control system can control the machine tool to automatically select and replace the tool according to different machining processes, automatically change the spindle speed of the machine tool, the feed speed and the movement track of the tool relative to the workpiece and other auxiliary functions.

The processing of multiple steps on multiple surfaces of the workpiece is completed. And there are a variety of tool change or knife selection functions, which greatly improve production efficiency.

Due to the concentration of the process and automatic tool change, the machining center reduces the time for workpiece clamping, measurement and machine adjustment, so that the cutting time of the machine tool reaches about 80% of the machine start time (only 15~20% for ordinary machine tools); It also reduces the workpiece turnover, handling and storage time between processes, shortens the production cycle, and has obvious economic effects. The machining center is suitable for small and medium-sized batch production with complex parts, high precision requirements and frequent product replacement.

Compared with the vertical machining center, the horizontal machining center has a complicated structure, a large floor space, and a high price. Moreover, the horizontal machining center is inconvenient to observe during processing, and the parts are not easy to be clamped and measured, but the chip removal during processing. Easy, good for processing.

Type and characteristics

The horizontal machining center is divided into a fixed column type and a moving column type according to whether the column is moved or not.

(1) Fixed column type

1) Cross motion of the workbench, the workbench performs X and Z direction movement, and the headstock box makes Y direction movement. The headstock box has two forms of hanging and side hanging on the column. It is suitable for multi-step machining such as boring and milling of medium-sized complex parts.

2) The headstock cross motion, the headstock moves in the X and Z directions, and the workbench moves in the Y direction. It is suitable for multi-step machining such as boring and milling for small and medium-sized parts.

3) The headstock side is hung and the column, and the headstock is moved in the Y and Z directions. This layout is similar to the planer type horizontal milling and boring machine, and the table is X-direction. Suitable for multi-process machining of medium-sized parts such as boring and milling.

(2) Mobile column type

1) Planer type, the bed is T-shaped, the workbench moves X-direction on the front bed, and the column moves in the Z-direction on the back bed. The headstock has two forms of hanging and side hanging on the column for Y-direction movement. It is suitable for medium and large parts, especially for multi-step machining such as boring and milling of larger length parts.

2) The column cross motion type, the column is made Z, U (parallel with X direction), the headstock moves in the Y direction on the column, and the table moves X-direction on the front bed. It is suitable for multi-step machining such as boring and milling of medium-sized complex parts.

3) Spindle ram feed type, the headstock moves in the Y direction on the column, and the spindle ram moves in the Z direction. The column is moved in an X direction. The workbench is fixed or equipped with a rotary table. Can be equipped with multiple worktables, suitable for small and medium-sized parts processing, workpiece loading and unloading and cutting time can be coincident.

Selection point

1: Specifications include the size of the machining space, the spindle speed range, the feed speed range, the size and range of the specified tool, the capabilities of the CNC and the number of optional accessories.

2: Performance includes static accuracy, machining accuracy, movement accuracy, positioning accuracy, thermal deformation and vibration resistance.

3: Others include adaptability to the system, ease of maintenance, technical support system and safety.1. Mechatronics layout, compact structure, beautiful appearance, easy operation, using advanced electronic technology and mechanical devices to achieve the best match, high reliability, easy to use and maintain. Use imported Taiwan CNC rotary table. The three-coordinate motion is concentrated on the column at the back of the machine.

2. Adopting column-type structure. The restriction on the front workbench is very small, and fd92c3s5 is suitable for the machine to form the manufacturing line;

3. Machine tool consists of base, column, slide, rotary table, spindle box, spindle components, tool magazine components, main drive system, feed drive system, lubrication system, hydraulic system, pneumatic system, cooling system and chip removal system Composition

4. The basic parts of the machine tool, the column and the sliding seat are all high-quality cast iron parts. The seismic performance is good.

5. The three coordinate direction guide rails adopt high-rigidity rolling guides. The friction damping is small, the positioning accuracy is high, the precision is consistent, the stability is good, the movement of each component is sensitive, and the machine tool has excellent static and static characteristics. The transmission error and the backlash are reduced, and the ball screw pair is pre-stretched, and the special bearing supporting the ball screw is selected, so that the transmission precision is high, the rigidity is high, and the positioning precision is high;

6. The feed drive adopts imported high-performance AC (AC servo motor, connected to the lead screw through a gapless coupling).

7. The spindle drive system is driven by imported AC servo spindle motor. The speed range is up to 60-6000rpm/min. The stepless speed range is large, the low speed torque is large, the constant power zone is wide, and the spindle speed is directly set by the S function. 1 rpm. Therefore, the optimum cutting conditions can be selected according to the tool and workpiece material.

8. Adopt imported Taiwan spindle. The front and rear bearings are supported by SKF roller bearings, which improve the rigidity and stability of the spindle, and can perform high-torque and powerful cutting. It is sealed with high-performance grease, low temperature rise and low noise. There is a gas curtain protection device at the front end of the spindle to prevent the contamination of the spindle bearing; the spindle has high precision, and the deflection is within 0.008 mm from the spindle end at 300 mm;

9. The clamping shank adopts the four-claw method. The clamp is reliable; the imported pneumatic booster cylinder is used to loosen the cutter, and the booster cylinder has the function of blowing and blowing, which can be blown when the knife reaches the apex, and the spindle taper and the shank are cleaned while loosening the cutter. ;

10. The disc type tool magazine with a capacity of 30 knives is controlled by the cam mechanism. The tool change is realized by the movement of the manipulator and the column. The tool change is fast and accurate, the action is stable and reliable, and the tool change time is less than 2 seconds.

Technical Parameters

Workbench size: 600*500

Workbench load bearing: 350

T-slot: 18H7*100*5

X axis: 500 Y axis: 400 Z axis: 400

Distance from the end of the spindle to the center of the table: 425

Distance from spindle center to work surface: 300-700

Cutting speed: 6

Three-axis rapid traverse speed: 12

Spindle motor: 5.5/7.5

Spindle speed: 50-3000

Spindle taper: BT40