Rolling bearing performance characteristics
Self-aligning characteristics
When the center line of the shaft is inclined relative to the center line of the bearing seat hole, the bearing's capacity to operate normally is measured. The self-aligning performance of double row centripetal spherical ball bearings and double row centripetal spherical roller bearings is excellent. A relative tilt of the inner and outer ring axes is not permitted in roller bearings and needle bearings. Varying types of rolling bearings, such as single row centripetal ball bearings for 8' 16', double row centripetal spherical ball bearings for 2° 3°, and tapered roller bearings for 2', allow for different inclinations.
Set a speed limit A bearing's maximum speed under specific load and lubrication conditions. Bearing type, size, accuracy, clearance, cage, load, and cooling conditions all affect limit speed. The operating speed of the bearing should be lower than the maximum speed. By adopting high-precision bearings, upgrading cage construction and materials, applying oil mist lubrication, and increasing cooling conditions, the limit speed may be improved.
Lubrication of bearings
Grease and oil lubrication are the most common types of lubrication. Grease lubrication has the advantages of not leaking, being easy to seal, having a long service life, being simple to maintain, and having a high oil film strength, but the friction torque is higher than oil lubrication, making it unsuitable at high speeds. Because too much stirring lubricant causes the bearing to overheat, the filling amount of grease in the bearing should not exceed 1/2 1/3 of the bearing area. The cooling and lubricating effects of oil are good, but the sealing and oil supply device is more complicated. Oil has a viscosity of 0.12 0.2 cm/s on average.
When the load is big and the working temperature is high, the oil with a high viscosity is chosen, and when the speed is high, the oil with a low viscosity is chosen. Oil bath lubrication, drop lubrication, oil mist lubrication, spray lubrication, and pressure lubrication are all examples of lubrication processes. The oil level in an oil bath lubrication should not be higher than the bottom of the rolling body center. The contact surface will be separated by an oil film if the bearing is constructed according to elastohydrodynamic lubrication theory and the lubricant viscosity is chosen. Bearing life can be extended several times under the action of a steady load at this time.
Modern machines, instruments, and other equipment are becoming more high-speed, heavy-load, precision, lightweight, and other aspects, posing many new requirements for rolling bearings, such as reducing bearing size while maintaining or even improving the rated load, utilizing new technology to improve the process, improve manufacturing accuracy, and lower costs. General rolling bearings have proven difficult to meet a wide range of requirements; therefore, special bearings should be designed and manufactured for the production of large machinery and equipment, thereby strengthening standardization while also increasing variety and expanding the proportion of special bearings. Special bearings for high-speed, high-temperature, low-temperature, strong magnetic field, or acid, alkali, and other media are also required as contemporary industry develops.
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