Today, I will share with you crucial CNC learning knowledge. Friends who work in the CNC business should study it thoroughly; after reading the introduction to this essay, everyone will have a good grasp!
(1) CNC program
The NC program is the CNC machine tool's work instruction to automatically process the components, and it is now referred to as "G code." The NC program is the tool motion trajectory information compiled according to specified regulations on the basis of the machined components' process analysis.
The work of programming can be done manually. For the programs of parts with complex shapes, CAD and CAM need to be used for programming.
(2) Input and output device
The input and output device's primary role is to facilitate human-computer contact and communication. The operator may enter instructions and information into the input and output device, as well as see machine tool information. CNC codes, machine parameters, and so on can also be sent between the computer and the CNC machine tool via the input and output device.
There are two different ways to input the part machining program, one is to read in while machining (DNC); the other is to read all the part machining programs into the internal memory of the CNC device at one time, and then process them from the internal memory one by one. The segment is called out for processing.
(3) Numerical control device
The numerical control device is the most important component of a numerical control machine tool. The numerical control device reads or receives one or more numerical control programs from the internal memory given by the input device. After compiling, calculating, and logically processing, the numerical control device produces various control information and instructions to control the operations of each section of the machine tool.
(4) Drive device and position detection device
The drive device receives the command information from the numerical control device, and after the power is amplified, it is sent to the servo motor. The servo motor drives the moving parts of the machine tool according to the command information, and moves a certain distance at a certain speed.
The position detecting device measures the actual displacement of the CNC machine tool's moving parts and transmits it back to the CNC device through the feedback system. The CNC device compares the returned displacement value to the configured value. If an error occurs, it regulates the drive device to compensate.
(5) Auxiliary control device
The auxiliary control device's primary function is to receive the switching signal output by the numerical control device or sensor and, using logical operation, realize the mechanical, hydraulic, pneumatic, and other auxiliary devices of the machine tool to complete the switching action specified by the command. These controls primarily comprise spindle start and stop, tool changing, coolant and lubrication device start and stop, loosening and clamping of workpieces and machine tool components, and so on.
(6) Machine body
The machine body of the CNC machine tool is similar to the traditional machine tool, which is composed of a spindle drive device, a feed drive device, a bed, a worktable, an auxiliary motion device, a hydropneumatic system, a lubrication system, and a cooling device.
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